考虑腐蚀因素的船体结构寿命预测方法

为建立考虑腐蚀因素的船体结构寿命预测方法,在分析现有常用的船体结构腐蚀损伤时变模型的基础上,根据舰船维修保障实际情况建立了考虑腐蚀防护系统作用时间和维修时间等因素的腐蚀时变模型。根据相关规范选择了船体结构腐蚀寿命标准,并建立了一种计算船体结构腐蚀寿命的方法。该方法建立了船体结构腐蚀寿命与腐蚀防护系统作用时间和修理时间等因素之间的量化关系,可以用于预测均匀腐蚀条件下船体结构寿命,也可以反过来指导腐蚀防护系统设计指标的选择和船体结构维修策略的确定。     

Multi-objective design optimization of composite submerged cylindrical pressure hull for minimum buoyancy and maximum buckling load capacity

This paper presents the design optimization of composite submersible cylindrical pressure hull subjected to 3 MPa hydrostatic pressure. The design optimization study is conducted for cross-ply layups [0s/90t/0u], [0s/90t/0u]s, [0s/90t]s and [90s/0t]s considering three uni-directional composites, i.e. Carbon/Epoxy, Glass/Epoxy, and Boron/Epoxy. The optimization study is performed by coupling a Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm (MOGA) and Analytical Analysis. Minimizing the buoyancy factor and maximizing the buckling load factor are considered as the objectives of the optimization study. The objectives of the optimization are achieved under constraints on the Tsai-Wu, Tsai-Hill and Maximum Stress composite failure criteria and on buckling load factor. To verify the optimization approach, optimization of one particular layup configuration is also conducted in ANSYS with the same objectives and constraints.     

The surface activation of boron to improve ignition and combustion characteristic

Boron is a very promising and highly attractive fuel because of high calorific value. However, the practical applications in explosives and propellants of boron have been limited by long ignition delay time and low combustion efficiency. Herein, nano-Al and graphene fluoride (GF) as surface activated materials are employed to coat boron (B) particles to improve ignition and combustion performance. The reaction heat of nano-Al coated B/KNO₃ and GF coated B/KNO₃ are 1116.83 J/g and 862.69 J/g, respectively, which are higher than that of pure B/KNO₃ (823.39 J/g). The ignition delay time of B/KNO₃ could be reduced through nano-Al coating. The shortest ignition delay time is only 75 ms for B coated with nano-Al of 8 wt%, which is much shorter than that of pure B/KNO₃ (109 ms). However, the ignition delay time of B/KNO₃ coated with GF has been increased from 109 to 187 ms. B coated with GF and nano-Al shown significantly influence on the pressure output and flame structure of B/KNO₃. Furthermore, the effects of B/O ratios on the pressure output and ignition delay time have been further fully studied. For B/KNO₃ coated with nano-Al and GF, the highest pressures are 88 KPa and 59 KPa for B/O ratio of 4:6, and the minimum ignition delay time are 94 ms and 148 ms for B/O ratio of 7:3. Based on the above results, the reaction process of boron coated with GF and nano-Al has been proposed to understand combustion mechanism.     

可压缩流动压力修正方程分析

依据Ｐａｔａｎｋａｒ提出的差分方程稳定性判断的４项基本法则,对可压缩流动的压力修正方程进行了分析,得出压力修正方程系数为正的条件．指出在每一次求解压力修正方程时必须提高解的收敛程度,以保证下一次迭代的差分方程矩阵接近主对角占优．分析了速度离散方程的欠松驰因子对可压缩流压力修正方程的影响．     

压力容器裂纹寿命预测的概率分析方法

本文在文献的基础上,进一步考虑材料性能分散性和使用环境随机性的影响,用概率分析方法对有裂纹的压力容器进行安全性分析,阐述了其可靠度指标和失效概率的分析计算步骤。并用Monte-Carlo方法预测裂纹扩展寿命,从而为正确确定压力容器的运行方式及合理的修理间隔期提供了重要的技术依据。算例证明了该方法的合理性、可行性。     

超动态变化的压力测量

本文介绍了采用MS-1215A/D板与IBM兼容机等组成的压力信号采集处理系统。该系统能对模拟压水堆大破口失水事故时超动态变化的压力进行高速采集,并能及时进行数据处理;根据需要还可打印有关参数和图表。此外,本文还介绍了为确保输入计算机的信号可信而采取的有效措施。     

利用几何结构求解欧氏平面TSP的改进遗传算法

TSP是经典的组合优化问题。根据欧氏平面TSP最优环路的性质提出了子路径及相关的概念,利用点集凸壳设计了环路构造算法,并以点集Delaunay三角剖分图为启发信息设计了改进的遗传算法,通过中国144城市TSP等验证了算法的有效性。     

一种新的保持分形特征的分形变形方法

针对IFS吸引子变形过程中间出现的分形特征退化的问题,提出基于局部吸引子的近似凸包及旋转匹配的特征对应方法.IFS吸引子的局部吸引子可由独立的IFS生成,IFS中每个压缩仿射映射存在不动点,构造所有不动点的凸包,即得到局部近似凸包;证明了局部近似凸包间的相似对应等价于局部吸引子间的相似对应,并提出了通过旋转匹配的特征对应方法实现局部近似凸包的配对,最后计算所有配对下相似度最高的一组局部近似凸包匹配,确定局部吸引子间的特征对应,即IFS特征对应.对两个IFS进行线性插值可实现保持分形特征的分形变形.     

水下爆炸中自由场压力和船体壁压的测量与分析

对水下爆炸中自由场压力的水面截断效应及冲击裁荷与船体相互作用的船体壁压进行了分析,得出了自由场压力的水面截断效应及早期的船体壁压计算近似公式.测量结果表明,球形装药中心起爆后形成的冲击波一般不是一条光滑曲线,而是会有多个振荡峰;当自由场压力测点离水面较近时,测量的自由场压力会出现明显的水面截断现象;船板在水中爆炸冲击渡的作用下产生的运动和变形对水中压力场有很大影响,舰体壁压反射系数与冲击波的入射角度有关.     

复合材料帽形加筋梁强度及刚度实用计算与试验

利用变形协调方程,推导了复合材料帽形加筋梁的等效弯曲刚度公式,建立了复合材料帽形加筋梁的应力、挠度计算公式.计算了均布荷载作用下,不同边界条件下复合材料帽形加筋梁的应力和挠度,并进行了帽形加筋梁的三点弯曲强度试验.对比分析了数值计算结果和试验结果,结果表明:理论计算结果和试验结果吻合较好,说明该方法以及推导的计算公式是可靠的,易于在复合材料船体初步设计阶段中使用.